Antiformation and antimutagenic activities of extracts from pericarp and seed of Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alston

Patamawan Wipoosanapan, Keaw Kangsadalampai, Linna Tongyonk

Abstract


Zanthoxylum limonella aston (Z. limonella) is a popular spice in northern Thailand. It is used as a flavoring agent for certain foods. There have been studies about the biological activity of this spice including, antioxidant antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity and mutagenicity modification effects of extract of Z. limonella seed and that of Z. limonella pericarp. The direct mutagenicity assay was examined, with and without nitrite treatment using the Ames test towards salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The mutagenicity modification assay was performed by measuring the interfering effect of the pericarp and that of seed extract on the formation of standard mutagens during the reaction between 1-aminopyrene and sodium nitrite (antiformation) and on the standard mutagen produced from the same reaction (antimutagen). The results showed that seed extract had no direct mutagenicity activity either with or without nitrite treatment on both tester strains, and it could interfere the formation of mutagen by decreasing the mutagenicity activity. On the other hand, it exhibited slight increase mutagenicity effect on the standard mutagen. In addition pericarp extract exhibited direct mutagenicity activity after being treated with nitrite and increased the mutagenicity on the formation of standard mutagen. However, the antimutagenicity of the pericarp extract on the standard mutagen after 1-aminopyrene reacted with sodium nitrite on S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 was observed. Accordingly, consuming pericarp and seed together may be safer for health than eating only one part because the different mechanisms of their mutagenicity modification was presented. In addition, the consumption of fruits from Z. limonella with nitrite or nitrite containing food products should be avoided to prevent the formation of mutagen.

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References


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