In vitro Antimicrobial activity of Antidesma bunius extracts on oral pathogenic bacteria
Abstract
Abstract
High antioxidant content of Antidesma bunius may lead to many beneficial pharmaceutical properties such as an anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and somatic cell decelerations, as well as cancer prevention. This study aimed at quantifying total phenolic compound and evaluating antibacterial activity against oral pathogens, i.e., Streptococcus mutans, Straphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes of four different types of A. bunius extracts including green, red, black fruits and leaves. The A. bunius materials were extracted employing water extraction method. The extracts were subsequently evaporated for further quantification of total phenolic compounds and percent yield. Total phenolic compound was measured using Folin–ciocateu reagent. Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by disc diffusion method, while minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was measured by broth dilution technique. Percent yield of the extract was highest in the black fruits (5.20%) followed by red fruits (3.53%) and leaves (0.71%), respectively. The lowest was observed in green fruit (0.47%). Total phenolic content was highest in the leaves (59 mg GAE g-1) followed by the green (32 mg GAE g-1) and red (26 mg GAE g-1) fruits, respectively. Whereas the lowest was found in the black fruits (24 mg GAE g-1). Antibacterial activity of the green fruit extract against S. aureus (1.73 cm) was higher than tetracycline (1.05 cm), while that against S. pyogenes was not different (2.46 cm for the green fruits, 2.46 cm for tetracycline) and against S. mutans was lower (1.96 for the green fruits, 3.86 for tetracycline). Antibacterial activity was not observed in the black fruit and leave extracts. The MICs of the green fruit extract was 0.0125 mg ml-1 for S. pyogenes, 0.025 mg ml-1 for S. mutans and S. aureus, the same results were true for MBC. Results of the current study indicated that the green and red fruit extracts of A. bunius had inhibition effect on oral pathogenic bacteria. Further Study should be developing for dental medications.
Keywords: Antidesma bunius extracts, phenolic compounds, oral pathogens
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References
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