In silico Analysis of Phytochemical Compound Found in Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca) Peel as Anti-aging Agent

Ermi Girsang, Chrismis Ginting, I Nyoman Lister, Wahyu Widowati, Satrio Wibowo, Fajar Perdana, Rizal Rizal

Abstract


Skin aging is a complicated natural phenomenon characterized by progressive loss of structural integrity and physiological function of the skin. Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) is an important fruit crop native from Indonesia. Its waste is a potential source bioactive phytochemical compound. Present study investigates possible anti-aging potency of phytochemical compound found in salak fruit peel based on its binding towards enzyme related in skin aging process. Molecular docking was performed towards enzyme subjected to degradation of dermal matrix (MMP1, NEP) and hyper-pigmentation (PPO3). Docked compound occupied the active site of each protein in which chlorogenic acid has the highest affinity among salak peel compound against MMP1, and Rutin against NEP and PPO3. Further intermolecular analysis revealed favourable interaction between chlorogenic acid, rutin towards respective protein. Taken together compound found in snake fruit, display possible inhibition towards protein related in skin aging and could be potentially used as anti-aging agent.


Full Text:

105-109;PDF

References


Farage MA, Miller KW, Elsner P, Maibach HI. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review. Int J Cosmet Sci [Internet]. 2008 Apr;30(2):87–95. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2007.00415.x

Cevenini E, Invidia L, Lescai F, Salvioli S, Tieri P, Castellani G, et al. Human models of aging and longevity. Expert Opin Biol Ther [Internet]. 2008 Sep 11;8(9):1393–405. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1517/14712598.8.9.1393

Rabe JH, Mamelak AJ, McElgunn PJS, Morison WL, Sauder DN. Photoaging: Mechanisms and repair. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet]. 2006 Jul;55(1):1–19. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S019096220501546X

Heck DE, Vetrano AM, Mariano TM, Laskin JD. UVB Light Stimulates Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. J Biol Chem [Internet]. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22432–6. Available from: http://www.jbc.org/lookup/doi/10.1074/jbc.C300048200

Davalli P, Mitic T, Caporali A, Lauriola A, D’Arca D. ROS, Cell Senescence, and Novel Molecular Mechanisms in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev [Internet]. 2016;2016:1–18. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2016/3565127/

Brennan M, Bhatti H, Nerusu KC, Bhagavathula N, Kang S, Fisher GJ, et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 is the Major Collagenolytic Enzyme Responsible for Collagen Damage in UV-irradiated Human Skin. Photochem Photobiol [Internet]. 2007 May 1;78(1):43–8. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1562/0031-8655%282003%290780043MMITMC2.0.CO2

Imokawa G, Ishida K. Biological Mechanisms Underlying the Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Formation of Skin Wrinkling and Sagging I: Reduced Skin Elasticity, Highly Associated with Enhanced Dermal Elastase Activity, Triggers Wrinkling and Sagging. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2015 Apr 8;16(12):7753–75. Available from: http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/4/7753

Masaki H. Role of antioxidants in the skin: Anti-aging effects. J Dermatol Sci [Internet]. 2010 May;58(2):85–90. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0923181110000782

Ebanks J, Wickett R, Boissy R. Mechanisms Regulating Skin Pigmentation: The Rise and Fall of Complexion Coloration. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2009 Sep 15;10(9):4066–87. Available from: http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/9/4066

Baumann L. Skin ageing and its treatment. J Pathol [Internet]. 2007 Jan;211(2):241–51. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/path.2098

Ministry of Agriculture Republic Indonesia. Statistik Pertanian 2017 [Internet]. 2018. Available from: http://epublikasi.setjen.pertanian.go.id/download/file/390-statistik-pertanian-2017

Ainissya Fitri. Identification Of Phytochemical And Antioxidant Activity In Peel And Seed Of Tropical Fruits From Indonesia. Bogor Agricultural University; 2015.

Widowati W, Widyanto RM, Husin W, Ratnawati H, Laksmitawati DR, Setiawan B, et al. Green tea extract protects endothelial progenitor cells from oxidative insult through reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species activity. Iran J Basic Med Sci [Internet]. 2014 Sep;17(9):702–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25691948

Thao N, Luyen B, Widowati W, Fauziah N, Maesaroh M, Herlina T, et al. Anti-inflammatory Flavonoid C-Glycosides from Piper aduncum Leaves. Planta Med [Internet]. 2016 Jun 10;82(17):1475–81. Available from: http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0042-108737

Yang J, Guo J, Yuan J. In vitro antioxidant properties of rutin. LWT - Food Sci Technol [Internet]. 2008 Jul;41(6):1060–6. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0023643807002307

Liang N, Kitts D. Role of Chlorogenic Acids in Controlling Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress Conditions. Nutrients [Internet]. 2015 Dec 25;8(1):16. Available from: http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/1/16

Gülçin I. Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid). Toxicology [Internet]. 2006 Jan 16;217(2–3):213–20. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0300483X05004786

Kikuzaki H, Hisamoto M, Hirose K, Akiyama K, Taniguchi H. Antioxidant Properties of Ferulic Acid and Its Related Compounds. J Agric Food Chem [Internet]. 2002 Mar;50(7):2161–8. Available from: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf011348w

Lovejoy B, Welch AR, Carr S, Luong C, Broka C, Hendricks RT, et al. Crystal structures of MMP-1 and -13 reveal the structural basis for selectivity of collagenase inhibitors. Nat Struct Biol [Internet]. 1999 Mar;6(3):217–21. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10074939

Schiering N, D’Arcy A, Villard F, Ramage P, Logel C, Cumin F, et al. Structure of neprilysin in complex with the active metabolite of sacubitril. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2016 Sep 15;6(1):27909. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/srep27909

Ismaya WT, Rozeboom HJ, Weijn A, Mes JJ, Fusetti F, Wichers HJ, et al. Crystal Structure of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Tyrosinase: Identity of the Tetramer Subunits and Interaction with Tropolone. Biochemistry [Internet]. 2011 Jun 21;50(24):5477–86. Available from: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi200395t

Pettersen EF, Goddard TD, Huang CC, Couch GS, Greenblatt DM, Meng EC, et al. UCSF Chimera-A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. J Comput Chem [Internet]. 2004 Oct;25(13):1605–12. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcc.20084

Stierand K, Rarey M. Drawing the PDB: Protein−Ligand Complexes in Two Dimensions. ACS Med Chem Lett [Internet]. 2010 Dec 9;1(9):540–5. Available from: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml100164p

Trott O, Olson AJ. AutoDock Vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading. J Comput Chem [Internet]. 2009;NA-NA. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcc.21334

Cathcart J, Pulkoski-Gross A, Cao J. Targeting matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: Bringing new life to old ideas. Genes Dis [Internet]. 2015 Mar;2(1):26–34. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352304215000021

Imokawa G, Nakajima H, Ishida K. Biological Mechanisms Underlying the Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Formation of Skin Wrinkling and Sagging II: Over-Expression of Neprilysin Plays an Essential Role. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2015 Apr 8;16(12):7776–95. Available from: http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/4/7776

Morisaki N, Moriwaki S, Sugiyama-Nakagiri Y, Haketa K, Takema Y, Imokawa G. Neprilysin Is Identical to Skin Fibroblast Elastase. J Biol Chem [Internet]. 2010 Dec 17;285(51):39819–27. Available from: http://www.jbc.org/lookup/doi/10.1074/jbc.M110.161547

Tsukahara K, Takema Y, Moriwaki S, Tsuji N, Suzuki Y, Fujimura T, et al. Selective Inhibition of Skin Fibroblast Elastase Elicits a Concentration-Dependent Prevention of Ultraviolet B-Induced Wrinkle Formation. J Invest Dermatol [Internet]. 2001 Sep;117(3):671–7. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022202X15413648

Philips N, Auler S, Hugo R, Gonzalez S. Beneficial Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases for Skin Health. Enzyme Res [Internet]. 2011;2011:1–4. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/er/2011/427285


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.